GreenSolvent Perovskite Ink: DMF/NMP-Free Precursor for Ambient-Air Module Coating

A ready-to-use perovskite precursor ink built on a γ-valerolactone/2-methyl-THF/DMSO solvent blend that replaces toxic DMF/NMP solvents and coats defect-minimized films in ambient air, sold to perovskite module manufacturers facing solvent regulations. New independent results corroborate the premise, showing ambient-air, scalable slot-die/blade coating with greener chemistry reaching 16-20% efficiencies with strong stability and life-cycle-assessment backing. Because those results relied on passivation and lead-source chemistry beyond the solvent swap itself, the ink ships as a co-qualified formulation-plus-process package rather than a bare solvent substitute.