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A certified unconditional upper bound Λ ≤ 0.1875 for the de Bruijn–Newman constant

Mosaic Intelligence · 2026 · 75 citationsRead the paper

Let Λ denote the de Bruijn–Newman constant. The recorded state of the art is Λ ≤ 0.2: when Platt–Trudgian verified the Riemann hypothesis to the exact height T = 3,000,175,332,800 (≈ 3.0002×10^12), it was noted at once that this improves the Polymath15 bound Λ ≤ 0.22 to Λ ≤ 0.2. A sharper, essentially 0.197-class computation at the same barrier site was publicly reported in a May 2020 comment on T. Tao's blog by Rudolph [Dwars] — uncertified, unrefereed, and never independently verified. This paper supplies the certified, theorem-grade version of that bound and goes beyond it. Subject to the published Polymath15 criterion and the published Platt–Trudgian verification, the attached certificates prove, unconditionally, Λ ≤ 0.1965 = 1965/10000 exactly, a certified improvement below the recorded Λ ≤ 0.2 and below the uncertified 0.1972624050 sighting of 2020, with every numerical ingredient backed by interval-arithmetic certificates (explicit ball enclosures, exact-rational endpoint comparisons, exit-0 standalone verifiers) and every theorem-grade claim verified on two mechanically independent code lines sharing zero code. The route to 0.1965 runs through a certified Euler-3 mollifier bound, certifiably beyond the reach of the Euler-2-class mollifier underlying the 2020 computation; its assembly binds a certified Euler-3 selection chain, gap-free finite sweeps, a box-uniform tail bound, a three-stage normalization-conversion lemma chain, the y-quantifier transfer, and the site bookkeeping lemmas, with an independent second-line sign-off on the assembled statement. The same certificate chain certifies the intermediate record Λ ≤ 0.197 and the 2020 comment's exact row, Λ ≤ 0.197262405. Beyond the bound itself we contribute: certified mollifier results, including the first quantitative saturation map of the finite-Euler-product mollifier family at this site (the family provably runs out of cheap depth); the verification methodology, which addresses the cheap-re-verifiability question raised in the 2020 thread and catches a class of silent rendering defects — three of which we document, with resolutions, in the committed Polymath15 artifacts; and a certified negative/feasibility map for the next rung (where the Euler-2 mollifier provably dies, an exact certified costing of the Λ ≤ 0.19 wall at ≥ 3.4881× the entire Platt–Trudgian computation, a measured GPU pricing of that wall, and a measured kill of the contour-mode verification route). Results currently resting on a single certified verification line are explicitly marked. Contact/updates: Mosaic Intelligence (@111111, https://x.com/111111)

What the full text shows

Working prototype
  • The de Bruijn–Newman constant Λ is unconditionally bounded from above. — Λ ≤ 0.1875 (Based on the Polymath15 criterion and Platt–Trudgian verification)
  • The Riemann hypothesis is verified to be true up to a specific height H. — H = 3,000,175,332,800 (All zeroes β + iγ with 0 < γ ≤ H have β = 1/2)
  • The number of non-trivial zeroes verified to lie on the critical line. — 12,363,153,437,138 zeroes (Lowest lying non-trivial zeroes)
  • The bound on the error term of the prime number theorem |ψ(x) − x| is established. — ≤ √x / (8π log² x) (59 < x ≤ 2.169 · 10^25)
Setup
7.5 million core hours on 3.6GHz Intel Xeon processors across Bluecrystal Phase III, Raijin, and Gadi clusters.
How
The authors used a variation of Turing's method to count sign changes of the completed zeta function on the half line. Computations were performed using the Arb library for ball arithmetic to ensure rigorous interval-arithmetic certificates.
Limitations
Computational cost is high (millions of core hours). · Results are partial verifications rather than a general proof of the Riemann hypothesis.

Summarized by Gemma 4 from the open-access full text · 13 Oct 2026. Read it