Mechanisms of Oxidative Stress in Metabolic Syndrome
Sepiso K. Masenga, Lombe S. Kabwe, Martin Chakulya, Annet Kirabo · 2023 · 695 citationsRead the paper
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions associated with the risk of diabetes mellitus type 2 and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Metabolic syndrome is closely related to obesity. Increased adiposity promotes inflammation and oxidative stress, which are precursors of various complications involving metabolic syndrome components, namely insulin resistance, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. An increasing number of studies confirm the importance of oxidative stress and chronic inflammation in the etiology of metabolic syndrome. However, few studies have reviewed the mechanisms underlying the role of oxidative stress in contributing to metabolic syndrome. In this review, we highlight mechanisms by which reactive oxygen species (ROS) increase mitochondrial dysfunction, protein damage, lipid peroxidation, and impair antioxidant function in metabolic syndrome. Biomarkers of oxidative stress can be used in disease diagnosis and evaluation of severity.
What the full text shows
Theory or simulation- Obesity is a primary risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). — ~90% of people with T2DM are overweight or obese (General population)
- Central obesity is defined by specific abdominal circumference thresholds. — >102 cm for males, >88 cm for women (Diagnostic criteria for central obesity)
- Lipid derangement in metabolic syndrome is characterized by specific fasting levels. — triglyceridemia >150 mg/dL and HDL cholesterol <40 mg/dL (Diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome)
- Hyperleptinemia increases oxidative stress and stimulates pro-inflammatory cytokine production. (Obese individuals)
- Adiponectin serum levels are inversely correlated with systemic oxidative stress. (Differentiated adipocytes)
- Oxidative stress promotes the oxidation of LDL to ox-LDL, leading to endothelial cell death. (Vascular walls)
- Setup
- Review of clinical studies, animal models, and cell culture studies.
- How
- Literature review synthesizing existing research on the molecular mechanisms of reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammation, and oxidative stress in metabolic syndrome.
- Limitations
- Lack of sufficient clinical studies to fully determine the value and usage of biomarkers in clinical setups.
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